Treating high blood pressure, heart failure, or certain diabetic kidney problems. It is used to improve survival and decrease heart failure in certain patients after a heart attack. It may be used alone or in combination with other medicines. It may also be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It works by decreasing a chemical that tightens blood vessels. This causes blood vessels to relax (dilate), which lowers blood pressure and decreases the workload on the heart.
Do NOT use Captopril if:
you are allergic to any ingredient in Captopril
you are in the second or third trimester of pregnancy
you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue) to any other ACE inhibitor (eg, enalapril)
you are currently taking dextran sulfate
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Captopril :
Some medical conditions may interact with Captopril. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines or other substances
if you have swelling of the lips, eyes, or tongue; bone marrow depression; decreased blood flow to the heart or brain; high blood potassium levels; low blood sodium levels; thickening of the skin; kidney disease, transplant, or dialysis; heart problems; lupus; an autoimmune disease; or are on a
sodium-restricted diet
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Captopril. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Allopurinol or dextran sulfate because it may increase the risk of an allergic reaction (eg, rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue) and lightheadedness upon standing
Diuretics (eg, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide) because the risk of serious side effects may be increased
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen, indomethacin) because the effectiveness of Captopril may be decreased and the risk of kidney damage may be increased
Lithium or thiopurines (eg, azathioprine) because the risk of serious side effects may be increased by Captopril
Oral diabetes medicine (eg, glyburide) because side effects, including abnormally low blood sugar levels (eg, hunger, shakiness or weakness, dizziness, headache, sweating), may be increased by Captopril
Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (eg, amiloride) because high blood potassium levels (eg, listlessness, confusion, abnormal skin sensations in the arms or legs, heaviness of limbs, slow or irregular heartbeat, or stopping of the heart) may occur
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Captopril may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Captopril :
Use Captopril as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Take Captopril 1 hour before meals, on an empty stomach.
Captopril works best if it is taken at the same time each day.
Continue to use Captopril even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.
If you miss a dose of Captopril , take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Captopril.
Important safety information:
Captopril may cause dizziness or lightheadedness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Captopril. Using Captopril alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially
dangerous tasks.
Dizziness or lightheadedness may occur if you stand up too fast from a lying or sitting position. If this occurs, get up slowly and avoid sudden changes in posture. If lightheadedness occurs, especially during the first few days of treatment, contact your health care provider.
Patients being treated for high blood pressure often feel tired or run down for a few weeks after beginning therapy. Continue taking your medicine even though you may feel quite "normal." Contact your doctor or pharmacist about any new symptoms.
Black patients are at higher risk for certain side effects, and may not respond as well to Captopril as patients of other races. If your symptoms do not improve or worsen while on Captopril , contact your doctor.
Patients being treated for high blood pressure should avoid using nonprescription medicines that contain stimulants such as products used for dieting (appetite suppressants) or for cold symptoms (eg, pseudoephedrine).
Do not use a salt-substitute or a potassium supplement without checking with your doctor.
Diabetes patients - Captopril may interfere with urine tests for ketones and may give inaccurate test results. Check with your doctor before you adjust your dose of your diabetes medicine or change your diet.
LAB TESTS, such as blood pressure monitoring, blood potassium or other electrolyte levels, and urine tests, may be performed to monitor your condition. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
Use Captopril with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness have not been confirmed.
PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: When Captopril is used after the third month of pregnancy, it can cause injury or even death to the fetus. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor immediately. Captopril is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Captopril.
Possible side effects of Captopril :
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Cough; diarrhea; dizziness or lightheadedness when sitting or standing quickly; fatigue; fever; headache; itching; joint pain; nausea; taste changes; vomiting; weakness.
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); any signs of infection such as fever or sore throat; chest pain; difficulty swallowing; fainting; irregular or slow heartbeat; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
What is the shelf life of the pills?
The expiry date is mentioned on each blister. It is different for different batches. The shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture and would differ from batch to batch depending on when they were manufactured.
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Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects the lives of many middle-aged men and their partners. The term erectile dysfunction covers a range of disorders, but usually refers to the inability to obtain an adequate erection for satisfactory sexual activity.
Although erectile dysfunction, formerly called impotence, is more common in men older than 65, it can occur at any age. An occasional episode of erectile dysfunction happens to most men and is normal. As men age, it's also normal to experience changes in erectile function. Erections may take longer to develop, may not be as rigid or may require more direct stimulation to be achieved. Men may also notice that orgasms are less intense, the volume of ejaculate is reduced and recovery time increases between erections. Erectile dysfunction may also be a sign of a physical or emotional problem that requires treatment.
Erectile dysfunction was once a taboo subject, but more men are seeking help. Doctors are gaining a better understanding of what causes erectile dysfunction and are finding new and better treatments.
This Website discusses all about erectile dysfunction, physiology of the normal erection and the pathophysiology, and treatment of ED.
What is Erectile Dysfunction?
Erectile dysfunction or impotence is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis for satisfactory sexual intercourse regardless of the capability of ejaculation. There are various underlying causes, such as diabetes, many of which are medically reversible.
The causes may be physiological or psychological. Psychological impotence can often be helped by almost anything that the patient believes in; there is a very strong placebo effect.
Due to its embarrassing nature and the shame felt by sufferers, the subject was taboo for a long time, and is the subject of many urban legends. Folk remedies have long been advocated, with some being advertised widely since the 1930s. The introduction of perhaps the first pharmacologically effective remedy for impotence, sildenafil (trade name Viagra), in the 1990s caused a wave of public attention, propelled in part by the news-worthiness of stories about it and heavy advertising.
The Latin term impotentia coeundi describes simple inability to insert the penis into the vagina. It is now mostly replaced by more precise terms.
Signs and symptoms:
Erectile dysfunction is characterized by the inability to maintain erection. Normal erections during sleep and in the early morning suggest a psychogenic cause, while loss of these erections may signify underlying disease, often cardiovascular in origin. Other things leading to erectile dysfunction are diabetes mellitus (causing neuropathy) or hypogonadism (decreased testosterone levels due to disease affecting the testicles or the pituitary gland).
Here are some causes of Erectile Dysfunction:
* Arousal: The first step is sexual arousal, which men obtain from the senses of sight, touch, hearing and smell, and from thoughts.
* Nervous system response: The brain communicates the sexual excitation to the body's nervous system, which activates increased blood flow to the penis.
* Blood vessel response:. A relaxing action occurs in the blood vessels that supply the penis, allowing more blood to flow into the shafts that produce the erection.
Physiology of normal erections:
Penile erections involve an integration of complex physiologic processes involving the CNS, peripheral nervous system, and hormonal and vascular systems. Any abnormality involving these systems, whether from medication or disease, has a significant impact on the ability to develop and sustain an erection, ejaculate, and experience orgasm. Tumescence, the vascular filling of the cavernous bodies, relies on neural and hormonal mechanisms operating at various levels of the neural axis. This is unique among visceral functions because it requires central neurological input.
Andersson et al summarized some of the information related to the pathways involved in erectile function. The degree of contraction of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle determines the functional state of the penis. The balance between contraction and relaxation is controlled by central and peripheral factors that involve many transmitters and transmitter systems. At the cellular level, smooth muscle relaxation occurs following the release of acetylcholine from the parasympathetic nerves.
Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction:
Erectile Dysfunction is essentially a vascular disease. It is often associated with other vascular diseases and conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Other conditions associated with Erectile Dysfunction include neurologic disorders, endocrinopathies, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and depression. Conditions associated with reduced nerve and endothelium function, such as aging, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, alter the balance between contraction and relaxation factors. These conditions cause circulatory and structural changes in penile tissues, resulting in arterial insufficiency and defective smooth muscle relaxation. In some patients, sexual dysfunction may be the presenting symptom of these disorders.
Treatment:
Sildenafil Citrate is the way to treat Erectile Dysfunction. Generic Viagra contains sildenafil citrate and contains same ingredients like branded drug.
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